January 15th, 2026 | Andrew Hagger
| News
Credit scores are often used by credit card providers and lenders to get a better idea of how people manage their money, and helps them decide whether to offer them credit and on what terms. Yet, for many people, what actually determines a good or bad credit score is an area clouded by confusion.
Newly released research from Capital One UK of the nation’s credit card holders found that, despite the fact that building their credit score was respondents’ main reason for taking out their first credit card (cited by 32% of them), confusion was rife when they were asked to identify the key factors that can affect their score.
In the past week, searches for “how to boost credit score” have surged by 156%2, so it’s clear that many people have improving their credit score as one of their New Year’s resolutions.
44% of credit card holders think their income affects their credit score
The number one misconception in Capital One UK’s survey was around income3, with 44% of respondents believing that their salary affects their credit score. However, as income is not listed on credit reports, it does not affect credit scores. While lenders will often ask for information about people’s income on applications for credit, this is part of an entirely separate ‘affordability check’.
The second most common misconception, cited by almost a third (31%) of respondents, was that using an eligibility checker for a credit card would damage their credit score. However, most eligibility checkers (like Capital One UK’s QuickCheck tool) use a soft search that doesn’t show up on people’s credit reports and therefore doesn’t affect their score.
When it comes to factors that can affect credit scores4, the answer that credit card holders were most familiar with was making payments on existing credit, cited by almost two-thirds (63%) of respondents. This was followed by more than half (55%) correctly identifying credit limit usage as something that can have an impact on their credit score.
One topic which split respondents was the impact that Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) accounts have on credit scores – with just under half (49%) believing that BNPL might influence their credit score. As BNPL is simply another form of credit, making regular, on-time payments can positively affect credit scores, while missing payments can have a negative impact.
Around a third (31%) of credit card holders are actively trying to improve their score, rising to 58% of 18-44 year olds
Of those surveyed by Capital One UK, 31% said they were actively trying to improve their credit score, and 75% said they were confident they knew how to do so. These figures were both highest among younger adults, with 58% of 18-44 year olds actively working to improve their scores and 87% saying they were confident they knew how to do so.
However, Capital One UK’s research shows that, despite these higher levels of confidence and interest in improving their credit scores, these younger respondents seemed less able on average to correctly identify the factors that influence them, with some notable drops in awareness.
Just over half (51%) of 18-44 year olds correctly identified that making payments on existing credit can affect their score, down from 63% of respondents overall, while only 43% of them were aware that opening a new credit or debit account can affect their credit score, down from more than half (53%) overall. Similarly, only 41% of respondents aged 18-44 were aware that being on the electoral roll can influence their credit score, down from more than half (52%) overall.
For an age group that’s more focused than average at building their credit scores, joining the electoral roll can be a relatively simple way to boost your score. It helps lenders to verify your identity which helps them to approve credit applications more quickly.
A spokesperson from Capital One UK said: “We want to help people succeed with credit and our findings suggest there’s more to be done to help people understand how credit scoring really works.
“Building a good credit score needn’t be confusing nor complicated. Start by checking your credit score so you know where you stand, make sure the information on your credit report is accurate and then show lenders you can manage money responsibly by making regular, reliable payments. The New Year is a great time to set financial goals for the year ahead, so follow these quick tips to start the year on a strong financial footing.”
Three top tips to improve your credit score
With the survey results highlighting widespread confusion around credit scores and how to improve them, Capital One UK has shared three top tips for anyone hoping to get on the right track.
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Check your credit score and monitor it regularly
In order to improve your credit score, you need to know where you stand. Capital One UK’s free tool, CreditWise, provides a quick and easy way to check your credit score and report. Your score will help you understand how lenders see you and your report will give you an idea of what you need to change. Through regular monitoring, you’ll be able to track your progress and understand how your financial decisions affect your score.
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Fix any errors on your credit report
Errors on your credit report aren’t unheard of, and even a small error like a typo in your address could be enough to damage your score and reduce your credit options. If you spot a mistake when checking your report, simply ask the credit reference agency to fix it. If you’re regularly checking your report, you can make sure it’s error-free and that lenders have an accurate picture of your financial health.
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Always pay at least the minimum monthly payment
If you’ve taken out a credit card, you’ll need to repay at least the minimum monthly payment each month to avoid a fee and start building your credit score. If you miss a payment you could damage your credit score, so setting up a monthly Direct Debit is a good idea to stay on top of your repayment. It’s a good idea to pay your balance in full each month if you can, so you can avoid paying interest on what you owe.